The Lancet, 9 April 2025

Trends in population exposure to compound extreme-risk temperature and air pollution across 35 European countries: a modelling study

Despite ongoing efforts to reduce air pollution, the complex relationship between air pollution and climate change presents additional multifaceted challenges. The spatiotemporal co-occurrence of extreme temperatures and air pollution episodes remains understudied. Furthermore, current studies typically employ uniform temperature thresholds across broad areas, overlooking regional differences in health vulnerability.

We aim to present a comprehensive assessment of extreme temperatures and air pollution, and to incorporate location-specific risk thresholds.